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Cyrtandra grandiflora

Gaudich. (1829)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, rarely in whorls of 3 per node, widely spaced, borne on upper 3–8 nodes. Those leaves at a node usually unequal, symmetrical or nearly so, elliptic to broadly elliptic or ovate, 7–36 cm long, 2.5–7(–12) cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate, occasionally blade abruptly constricted to an attenuate base. Upper surfaces very sparsely strigose to glabrate; lower surfaces moderately to densely puberulent along the veins, sparsely to moderately so elsewhere; blades thin, chartaceous. Margins entire to occasionally serrulate in upper 1⁄2, apex acuminate. Veins slightly raised on both surfaces. Petioles 1.2–7(–12) cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–5(–7) in often compound cymes arising in the leaf axils and occasionally also along stems, puberulent to pilose, the hairs dark brown, peduncles slender, 15–90 mm long, pedicels 4–13 mm long, bracts green, foliaceous, ovate to lanceolate, distinct or occasionally connate bracts, 16–66 mm long, tardily deciduous. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, zygomorphic, fusiform in bud, tipped by a beak 3–4 mm long, in anthesis pale green, thin, 18–21 mm long, deciduous after anthesis, tube 16–19 mm long, glabrate to puberulent toward base, upper 3 lobes ca. 5 mm long, tardily separating, lower 2 lobes 8–10 mm long, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, curved near middle, tube subcylindrical, 20–23 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter medially, glabrous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly elliptic, 6–7 mm long, 8–9 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic–ovate, 9–12 mm long, 10–11 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, glabrous, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 7 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ellipsoid; 2–2.5 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.3–0.4 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 34*

Habitat: Occurring in wet gulch bottoms and on lower slopes in disturbed mesic valleys and wet forest.

Elevation Range: (180–)300–540 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Voy. Uranie: 447 (1829)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:755 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra grandiflora Castle trail to Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2545 Oahu BISH 1919-03-17
2 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12772 Oahu BISH 1906-11-01
3 Cyrtandra grandiflora E Wailupe stream Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1950 Oahu BISH 1985-01-27
4 Cyrtandra grandiflora Western slope, 2nd gulch from inner end, Halawa Valley, Koolau Range. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 81438 Oahu BISH 1981-01-01
5 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus-Pauoa trail Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 417 Oahu BISH 1920-06-13
6 Cyrtandra grandiflora Upper Moanalua Valley Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3051 Oahu BISH 1925-03-01
7 Cyrtandra grandiflora Right fork Wailupe Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 164 Oahu BISH 1920-01-12
8 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 704 Oahu BISH 1908-11-04
9 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliff trail, N-NW gulch Preserved_Specimen Kiehn, M. 92090712 Oahu BISH 1982-07-09
10 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa-Nuuanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 331 Oahu BISH 1920-03-14
11 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa, Waihi Stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 20368 Oahu BISH 1943-11-07
12 Cyrtandra grandiflora Wailupe Preserved_Specimen Wong, C.C.Y. Oahu BISH 1951-07-28
13 Cyrtandra grandiflora W Wailupe valley, stream bank Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Oahu BISH 1951-06-21
14 Cyrtandra grandiflora Koolau Mts., Waiomao Stream, Palolo moist thicket Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; shoots closely fulvous pubescent, quadrangular; blades soft chartaceous bright green above, below whitish green; calyx pale green; flower white St.John, H. 20297 Oahu BISH 1942-05-17
15 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliffs Trail Diverse mesic wet forest, gulch bottom Preserved_Specimen Ray, G. 1033 Oahu BISH 1998-07-09
16 Cyrtandra grandiflora [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Meyen Oahu BISH
17 Cyrtandra grandiflora Hillebrands Glen Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-01-01
18 Cyrtandra grandiflora [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. BISH 1817-01-01
19 Cyrtandra grandiflora Oahu Preserved_Specimen Wilder, G.P. Oahu BISH 1913-01-01
20 Cyrtandra grandiflora W Kalihi Valley, ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-10-03
21 Cyrtandra grandiflora Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
22 Cyrtandra grandiflora unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 446 BISH 1864-01-01
23 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa pali, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 354 Oahu BISH 1922-08-27
24 Cyrtandra grandiflora W Halawa Valley, 2nd gulch from inner end Psidium, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen to 12' shrub; inflorescence axillary and toward terminals of stem Obata, J.K. 438 Oahu BISH 1981-03-29
25 Cyrtandra grandiflora Lyon Arboretum, ~200 yds. up valley between sections 6 and 7 shady Preserved_Specimen flowers white Baker, R.F. 132 Oahu BISH 1975-07-07
26 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus, gully, jct. Manoa Cliff trail moist; exotic canopy Preserved_Specimen 3' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1742 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
27 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa steep walls of channel Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2158 Oahu BISH 1985-04-28
28 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus Psidium guajava Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1877 Oahu BISH 1984-12-08
29 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus, gully, jct. Manoa Cliff trail moist; exotic canopy Preserved_Specimen 3' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1742 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
30 Cyrtandra grandiflora W Halawa Valley, 2nd gulch from inner end Psidium, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen to 12' shrub; inflorescence axillary and toward terminals of stem Obata, J.K. 438 Oahu BISH 1981-03-29
31 Cyrtandra grandiflora N Halawa, base of 100' waterfall kukui, guava, Clidemia, ferns, mosses, liverworts Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 150 Oahu BISH 1981-04-19
32 Cyrtandra grandiflora Kalauao Ridge Trail Woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 241 Oahu BISH 1933-04-30
33 Cyrtandra grandiflora N ridge, Kahaluu, Koolau Mts steep slope, moist Preserved_Specimen shrub Hosaka, E.Y. 1283 Oahu BISH 1935-07-04
34 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus, gully Aleurites moluccana, Bischofia javanica Preserved_Specimen to 5-6' shrub, limby Takeuchi, W.N. 1743 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
35 Cyrtandra grandiflora Kailua. 4th branch S of S fork of Kahanaiki Stream, E bank Mixed brush on wet bank Preserved_Specimen Sprawling plant 3-4 ft high; fls. on main branches and trunk rather than terminal Pearsall, G.A. 22 Oahu BISH 1955-12-04
36 Cyrtandra grandiflora Haiku Valley, Heeia Head of valley is shade of large trees Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 228 Oahu BISH 1932-12-11
37 Cyrtandra grandiflora E side of Pauoa Valley Shady ravines Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 182 Oahu BISH 1932-03-20
38 Cyrtandra grandiflora Kailua. 4th branch S of S fork of Kahanaiki Stream, E bank Mixed brush on wet bank Preserved_Specimen Sprawling plant 3-4 ft high; fls. on main branches and trunk rather than terminal Pearsall, G.A. 22 Oahu BISH 1955-12-04
39 Cyrtandra grandiflora Wailupe valley, Kuloi gulch Aleurites, Dicranopteris, Psidium guajava, Pipturus, Athyrium sandwichianum, Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen flower and fruit Perlman, S. 6336 Oahu BISH 1987-04-24
40 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manaiki Valley Streambed in shade of kukui, guava, hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1573 Oahu BISH 1970-01-23
41 Cyrtandra grandiflora Lower slope Puu Konahuanui above Nuuanu Pali Rd, Kailua Steep wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen Bush, 2 m tall; flowers white, inflorescence cauline from the crown to within 30 cm of the ground Fosberg, F.R. 10735 Oahu BISH 1935-01-05
42 Cyrtandra grandiflora N fork Kahanaiki Stream Open wet gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 m Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1950-03-27
43 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa, vertical bank Touchardia Preserved_Specimen tall shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2594 Oahu BISH 1985-12-28
44 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus Psidium guajava Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1877 Oahu BISH 1984-12-08
45 Cyrtandra grandiflora Haiku Valley Humid woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 230 Oahu BISH 1932-12-11
46 Cyrtandra grandiflora Waimalu Valley, N side of middle ridge Moist gulch w/ Psidium guajava lower edge of forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 2 m R.P. 3 Oahu BISH 1947-07-13
47 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus, gully Aleurites moluccana, Bischofia javanica Preserved_Specimen 5-6' shrub, limby Takeuchi, W.N. 1744 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
48 Cyrtandra grandiflora Koolau Mts., W Wailupe Valley, stream moist forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub St.John, H. 24795 Oahu BISH 1952-03-16
49 Cyrtandra grandiflora Waiomao guava Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2612 Oahu BISH 1986-05-17
50 Cyrtandra grandiflora Waimalu Valley, N side of middle ridge Moist gulch w/ Psidium guajava lower edge of forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 2 m R.P. 0.3 Oahu BISH 1947-07-13
51 Cyrtandra grandiflora Lyon Arboretum, ~200 yds. up valley between sections 6 and 7 shady Preserved_Specimen flowers white Baker, R.F. 132 Oahu BISH 1975-07-07
52 Cyrtandra grandiflora Kamoalii, Kaneohe, base of cliff talus; Pisonia umbellifera Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2920 Oahu BISH 1986-10-01
53 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa Valley Dense shade in small ravine Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 226 Oahu BISH 1932-12-15
54 Cyrtandra grandiflora Haiku, streambed kukui Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2953 Oahu BISH 1986-10-01
55 Cyrtandra grandiflora Koolau Mts., Waipio, Kipapa stream wet gorge Preserved_Specimen small shrub, flower white St.John, H. 10014 Oahu BISH 1929-11-10
56 Cyrtandra grandiflora Waipio, Kipapa Gulch, N ridge moist gully Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 672 Oahu BISH 1932-07-10
57 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pia gulch, Koolau mts.off Hawaiiloa trail Diospyros - Metrosideros - Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. With Cheirodendron trigynum, Broussasia arguta, Diplazium sandwichianum, My[r]sine lessertiana, Cibotium, Antidesma platyphylla, Aleurites moluccana, Syzygium sandwicensis, Clidemia hirta, Pittosporum g Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with flowers, fruit Perlman, S. 23231 Oahu BISH 2013-01-13
58 Cyrtandra grandiflora W Pia Valley, streambed guava, kukui Preserved_Specimen 2-3' shrub; flower cauliflorous at prop roots Takeuchi, W.N. 1713 Oahu BISH 1984-08-26
59 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Valley, Koolau Mts koa, Aleurites, Cordyline, Boehmeria; steep rocky slope Preserved_Specimen 5' shrub; flower white; leaf glossy above Hatheway, W.H. 319 Oahu BISH 1950-09-02
60 Cyrtandra grandiflora Halawa Valley, base of waterfall koa, kukui, Pipturus, Pisonia, Charpentiera, kava Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 141 Oahu BISH 1981-04-11
61 Cyrtandra grandiflora Lower slope Puu Konahuanui above Nuuanu Pali Rd, Kailua Steep wooded draw Preserved_Specimen Bush 1 m tall; flowers white; leaves pale beneath Fosberg, F.R. 10734 Oahu BISH 1935-01-05
62 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus, gully Aleurites moluccana, Bischofia javanica Preserved_Specimen 5-6' shrub, limby Takeuchi, W.N. 1744 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
63 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus, Manoa Cliffs trail Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Psychotria, Antidesma, Dicranopteris, Psidium guajava, Albizia, Pipturus, Touchardia Preserved_Specimen 2-5' shrubs; flower and fruit Perlman, S. 6284 Oahu BISH 1987-08-12
64 Cyrtandra grandiflora Kamooalii, Kaneohe Pisonia, Pipturus; colluvial apron base of cliff Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2911 Oahu BISH 1986-10-01
65 Cyrtandra grandiflora W Pia Valley, streambed guava, kukui Preserved_Specimen 2-3' shrub; flower cauliflorous at prop roots Takeuchi, W.N. 1713 Oahu BISH 1984-08-26
66 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa steep walls of channel Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2158 Oahu BISH 1985-04-28
67 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Falls, Koolau Mts moist gulch; Aleurites, Eugenia malaccensis Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; branchets, petioles, young shoots olive brown hairy; blades chartaceous above, bright green, shiny, below whitish; bracts green; calyx greenish; corolla white St.John, H. 20284 Oahu BISH 1942-04-05
68 Cyrtandra grandiflora Palolo moist clay slope Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2658 Oahu BISH 1986-06-08
69 Cyrtandra grandiflora Wailupe Valley Dense shade in sm valley Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 244 Oahu BISH 1933-06-25
70 Cyrtandra grandiflora Tantalus Psidium guajava Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1877 Oahu BISH 1984-12-08
71 Cyrtandra grandiflora Halawa Stream, Aiea branch kukui, koa, ohia, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 144 Oahu BISH 1981-04-12
72 Cyrtandra grandiflora Halawa Stream, Aiea branch kukui, koa, ohia, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 144 Oahu BISH 1981-04-12
73 Cyrtandra grandiflora Koolau Range, Kipapa Gulch In dense shade in small valley draining into the main stream. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 217 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
74 Cyrtandra grandiflora NE Tantalus trail moist shady gulch Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m x 1 cm shrub; leaves ascending; blades above bright green, midrib and 2nd veins above and beneath sparsely apressed brown husutulous; young shoots and petiole broun pilosulous; flower white; fruit white St.John, H. 20254 Oahu BISH 1941-09-20
75 Cyrtandra grandiflora Right fork Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 512 Oahu BISH 1920-08-01
76 Cyrtandra grandiflora Lyon Arboretum, stream bed between Sections 6 and 7 Preserved_Specimen roots adventitiously Baker, R.F. 114 Oahu BISH 1975-05-29
77 Cyrtandra grandiflora Lyon Arboretum, stream bed between Sections 6 and 7 Preserved_Specimen roots adventitiously Baker, R.F. 114 Oahu BISH 1975-05-29
78 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliffs, ravine Preserved_Specimen 4'; erect, unbranched Takeuchi, W.N. 251 Oahu BISH 1984-07-14
79 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliffs, ravine Preserved_Specimen 4'; erect, unbranched Takeuchi, W.N. 251 Oahu BISH 1984-07-14
80 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliff trail, 1st gulch from Tantalus drive side Preserved_Specimen flower white; fruit white, opening with slits Kiehn, M. 98082311 Oahu BISH 1998-08-23
81 Cyrtandra grandiflora Aihualama, swimming pool valley, Manoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 87 Oahu BISH 1932-07-15
82 Cyrtandra grandiflora 1st fork N of main S fork of Kahanaiki Stream, Kailua Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, young shoots dark olive brown piloeulous; blades chartaceous, fragile, above shining green, below whitish, long narrow revolute recurrent at base; cyme, bracts and calyx green St.John, H. 25586 Oahu BISH 1955-09-25
83 Cyrtandra grandiflora Moanalua Valley, Mano divide, Piper grove Preserved_Specimen flower large and glabrous Herbst, D.R. 1526 Oahu BISH 1970-01-18
84 Cyrtandra grandiflora Moanalua Valley, Mano divide, Piper grove Preserved_Specimen flower large and glabrous Herbst, D.R. 1526 Oahu BISH 1970-01-18
85 Cyrtandra grandiflora Konahuanui(?) Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 758 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
86 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10346 Oahu BISH 1908-10-29
87 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliffs, ~1 mi from start Preserved_Specimen flower white; corolla narrowly funnelform Wagner, W.L. 5510 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
88 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliffs, ~1/2-3/4 mi from start Preserved_Specimen corolla white, exserted out 1 side of calyx; calyx pale green; fruit immature Wagner, W.L. 5484 Oahu BISH 1984-11-22
89 Cyrtandra grandiflora Kipapa Gulch, in small valley draining into the main stream Dense shade in small valley Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 217 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
90 Cyrtandra grandiflora Laulaupoe, Wailupe, streambank Preserved_Specimen shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2665 Oahu BISH 1986-06-15
91 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliff trail, N-NW gulch Preserved_Specimen to 2 m shrub, flower and fruit white Kiehn, M. 94091022 Oahu BISH 1994-09-10
92 Cyrtandra grandiflora Waianae Mts., Haleauau Gulch, NW of Puu Kalena wet forest Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 3470 Oahu BISH 1992-01-02
93 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2157 Oahu BISH 1985-04-28
94 Cyrtandra grandiflora Pauoa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2157 Oahu BISH 1985-04-28
95 Cyrtandra grandiflora Manoa Cliff trail Preserved_Specimen Fls. large, white Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1953-10-23
96 Cyrtandra grandiflora unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
97 Cyrtandra grandiflora Waipio, Kipapa gulch, 2nd N fork Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 848 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
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